Deflation Accounting Signals Bleak Future

By Peter Atwater Jan 13, 2009 11:45 am
Balance sheets sign of hard times ahead.
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In September 2007, I wrote: “[For financial services firms], the income statement is the past; the balance sheet is the future.” Had I thought more about it, I would've said that was now true for every company.

Since I wrote that note, we've seen companies of all kinds writing off assets left and right. In many cases, these corporations try to position asset write-offs as “non-cash." And while technically correct, I would again remind readers that the reason the charges are “non-cash” is that the money (or stock) went out the door long ago. And to suggest that these write-downs aren't important is like suggesting that bank-loan losses (also non-cash charges) don’t matter.

Asset write-downs do matter - whether they're banks' loan assets, manufacturers' inventory, media companies' goodwill, or government agencies' deferred tax assets. At their core, outside of cash, balance-sheet assets are a forward-looking promise of cash “value” to be received at some time in the future.

So when assets are written down, a corporation or bank is sending a clear message that the future -- particularly future cash flow -- isn't as bright as it once was.

Recently, this thought has had me rethinking the reason the “future” on corporate balance sheets was so rosy - how it was that balance sheets could balloon with more and more forward-looking assets? Obviously a lot of the balance-sheet growth reflected a willingness on the part of manufacturers of all kinds to accept installment notes in lieu of cash - but there's also been a staggering amount of growth in goodwill, intangibles and a whole host of “other assets." Why?

While I won’t bore you with the twists and turns of my thinking, where I ended up was simply, at all places, inflation. That, thanks to the basic, historic, economic notion that prices only go up over time, asset values have a floor. And therefore, because of our “inflation bias,” we should be willing to recognize more and more of these “promises” on corporation and bank-balance sheets.

But if our inflation bias is truly what has supported the floor for all of our forward-looking assets -- again, everything on the left side of the balance sheet, less cash --  then what happens when deflation hits? As we've seen with Bear Stearns, Time Warner (TWX), General Motors (GM), Fannie Mae (FNM) and Freddie Mac (FRE), already deflation is like a trap door to floor on asset values: The hoped-for promise of cash in the future is suddenly worth substantially less than the reality of cash today.

I don’t know where our current deflationary cycle ultimately takes us, but I hope that this helps to better explain how balance sheets reporting hundreds of billions of dollars in assets one day, can show 0 the next. And, more importantly, why -- during periods of deflation -- all balance-sheet assets (other than cash) are of questionable value.

Ultimately, I wonder whether, like the rating agencies, our accounting firms will become yet another scapegoat for our current crisis: That they too, should've recognized the “inflation bias” inherent in balance sheets and some how prevented it from happening; that maybe “cash accounting” should've been used, particularly in a world filled with derivatives and off-balance-sheet vehicles.

But to end where I began: “Earnings are the past; the balance sheet is the future.” And with deflation, that future isn't very bright.
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(6)
2009-01-13 12:00:59
A small addendum..
Thanks as always for your insights, MP. I never miss a word you write, or those of the other MP [Mr. Practical, though he should change his name to Practical-san now.]

One slight elaboration-- the left side of the balance sheet is fraught with peril for any company that has made overpriced acquisitions [likely 90% of those made in the last 7 years]. Given the number of stocks that trade well below book, the market has spoken on that value in many instances.

However, for non-financials in particular, PP&E is a bigger part of equity and is generally depreciated over time. So that value may be real, understated, or overstated depending on the company.

Analyzing inventory may require care as well. We may have to start looking at FIFO versus LIFO issues as we were taught way back when. This was a big quality of earnings issue in the 70's, when FIFO would overstate earnings versus LIFO. The reverse may be true over a long deflationary period--or who knows with the wild swings in input prices.
2009-01-13 17:43:26
one who diasgrees...


one "bennett sedaca" recently writes that the bond market is ending a 26 year bull market. (9 jan 09 -- see link ref @ bottom)

he uses some TA as well as years DECADES experience to make his point.

---

regardless of how much debt destruction/deflation occurrs, how can one fight the power of the (printing) press?

furthermore, how does one square that the basics of life... food in particular, are still EXPENSIVE by historical standards?

can noone here square a deflationary AND inflationary scenario economically (an actualized WISHBONE world where both paths are taken)? the weather already exhibits a wishbone world on alternate days/weeks -- and the economy seems to be mirroring that as well as time progresses.

as above, so below...


--- overall view:

the strength of this site is the disagreement among professors. i'd like to see more disagreement as your perspective is strategically representative of about 70%+ among the professors here. (which oddly enough those 70% are currently 'contrarians' relative to the mass-media -- a GOOD THING in general...)

but in this sphere, they ARE the consensus, so i cling to that 30% even more so.

-- criticism:

oddly enough, the founder todd-o seems to be one of the *FEW* professors here who DOES hedge his bets! tho clearly in the deflation camp, he, to his credit, DOES mention the "wishbone-world" in his strategic analysis but NOBODY ELSE HERE seems to get what he is saying or hedge their bets and/or both.

---- notes:

bennett sedaca 9 jan 09 article -- 26 year bond rally to end?

http://www.minyanville.com/
articles/treasury-fibonacci-bonds-long/
index/a/20593

2009-01-13 19:55:03
milwaukee bucks
tolday the bucks have lower ticket prices from 40 to 60 percent for the next nine games. Court side which went 180 are now 74,,,,

Deflation is in the ticket price of the nba, soon baseball and the superbowl will be next.

Deflation is everywhere if you just around look,,
2009-01-14 00:39:07
A small addendum..
Re: valuing inventories..

I would hazard a guess that the largest inventories being carried by businesses these days relate to the big ticket consumer items i.e., homes & cars...and I would suspect the carrying values might overstate the net realizable values in many cases still.

then there are the related inventories such as the banks' mortgages for those consumer homes and the car companies car loans to consumers....and i'm not sure i would trust their carrying values even after all the writedowns made to date by the financials...

in fact, banks who repo homes on defaulted mortgages may have a huge and growing inventory which imo might very well be overvalued...

in times when turnover slows, cash is king...liquidate, liquidate, liquidate...
2009-01-14 11:07:14
Its worse than that...

The purpose of accounting use to be (or so I'm told) to provide information about a company's finances. Increasingly, accounting's role is to hide information...and in many cases distort it.

I believe this is probably why 'buy and hold' is dead. Most people, at least on an intuitive level, understand that the market is ripe with deception. Those that voluntarily continue to play do so because it is the only game in town and they need the action. The rest are the fish who provide the market's life blood through their 401Ks and they are just beginning to get a clue.

The day the fish wake up the game is over.


2009-11-25 21:58:16
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