Albert Einstein described compound growth as the eighth wonder of the world. Though he passed away in 1955 -- coincidentally, the same year in which yours truly saw daylight for the first time -- the concept of compounding remains the single most important principle governing investment.

Back to basics: Compounding simply means that you can earn interest on your principal investment, as well as earning interest on top of interest. The power of compounding can make an investment grow much faster than would otherwise have been the case, and is obviously based on the assumption that interest or dividends are reinvested in the same asset.

The raison d’être of investment or wealth management is to maintain, or hopefully improve, one’s standard of living, i.e. to earn a real return on the investment amount. This sounds easy enough if one considers that the S&P 500 Composite Index (and its predecessors) delivered a nominal return of 9.1% per annum from January 1871 to May 2008. With an average inflation rate of 2.2% per annum over the period, this meant a real return of 6.9% per annum.

These figures might not particularly appeal to many of today’s market participants, with their gunslinging approach. I am deliberately refraining from using the word “investors” - I can already hear these people arguing that much better returns can be generated by “playing” the market cycles.

Ah, the art of market timing! Perhaps, but keep in mind that very few people have succeeded in consistently outperforming the market over any extended period of time, especially once costs and taxes are factored in.

More compelling proof that the odds are stacked against the capital-growth-only brigade is gleaned from an analysis of the components of the total return figures.

Let’s go back to the total nominal return of 9.1% per annum and see how that was made up. We already know that 2.2% per annum came from inflation. Real capital growth (i.e. price movements net of inflation) added another 2.1% per annum. Where did the rest of the return come from?

Wait for it... From dividends. Yes, boring dividends, slavishly reinvested year after year, contributed 4.7% per annum. This represents more than half the total return over time!

Still doubting the evidence? Have a look at the following chart:


Click to enlarge

And for good measure, here are the numbers summarized in table format:



In an environment characterized by increasingly shorter investment horizons, the concept of compounding sounds so yesteryear. But who can argue with the body of empirical market evidence?

To repeat a phrase often quoted, but seldom fully appreciated (or understood): It's time in the market, and not market timing, that counts.